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The State Hermitage occupies six magnificent buildings situated along the embankment of the River Neva, right in the heart of St Petersburg. The leading role in this unique architectural ensemble is played by the Winter Palace, the residence of the Russian tsars that was built to the design of Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in 1754-62. This ensemble, formed in the 18th and 19th centuries, is extended by the eastern wing of the General Staff building, the Menshikov Palace and the recently constructed Repository.
Put together throughout two centuries and a half, the Hermitage collections of works of art (over 3,000,000 items) present the development of the world culture and art from the Stone Age to the 20th century. Today the Museum is creating its digital self-portrait to be displayed around the world. Computer technologies enable the State Hermitage Museum to provide people from all over the world with wider access to information about the Museum and its treasures.
One of the oldest and largest departments of the museum, consisting of four sectors: 13th- to 18th- century painting; 19th- and 20th- century painting and sculpture, drawings and prints. There are 63 members of the staff, including five specialists with doctoral degrees and 18 Candidates (Mphil degree). The Department’s stocks include over 400,000 items, its permanent exhibitions occupy 100 rooms of the Hermitage.
The Department consists of two sectors: applied art, metalwork and stonework. There are 29 members of the staff, including two specialists with doctoral degrees and eight Candidates (Mphil degree). The Department’s stocks include over 150,000 objects, with 6,000 items permanently exhibited in the museum rooms.
This is one of the oldest departments in the museum. It consists of two sectors: Ancient Greece and the art and culture of the Northern Black Sea coast, with over 140,000 objects. There are 21 members of the staff including 3 Candidates (MPhil degree). The department's permanent exhibition occupies 20 rooms of the Hermitage.
The department was set up in 1931 based on the sector of Hellenic and Scythian Art, formerly a sector of what was then called the Department of Antiquities. There are 28 members of the staff, including 4 specialists with doctoral degrees and 10 Candidates (MPhil degree). There are over 500,000 objects in the department and the permanent exhibition occupies 33 rooms of the Hermitage.
Set up in April 1941, the department began to function fully only after the Second World War. There are 27 members of the staff, including 2 specialists with doctoral degrees and 13 Candidates (MPhil degree). There are over 300,000 objects in the department and the permanent exhibition occupies 50 rooms of the Hermitage.
The palace, the youngest department in the Hermitage, opened to the public in 1981 and houses the exhibition Russian Culture of the Early 18th Century. The most important element of this department is the original 18th-century interior decoration. There are 65 members of the staff including 2 Candidates (with MPhil degree). The exhibition occupies 22 rooms of the Hermitage.
Set up in 1920, the department consists of four sectors: the Ancient Orient; Byzantium and the Near East; Central Asia and the Caucasus; and the Middle East, with over 180,000 objects. There are 42 members of the staff including 4 specialists with doctoral degrees and 21 Candidates (MPhil degree). The permanent exhibition occupies 78 rooms of the Hermitage.
Alongside the Departments of Western European Art and of the Art and Culture of Antiquity, this is one of the oldest departments in the museum. The collection consists of two parts: antique and oriental coins, and European and American numismatic items, with over 1,115,000 objects in all. The first collections of coins and medals were acquired by Empress Catherine II in 1764. There are 18 members of the staff, including 2 specialists with doctoral degrees and 6 Candidates (MPhil degree). The department's collections are on display in the Numismatic Department Gallery and in other rooms of the museum.
Grad Duke Nikolai Pavlovich (the future Emperor Nicholas I) originated the formation of this collection of arms and armour, which now forms a separate department within the museum. There are 3 members of the staff, one of whom has a Candidate (MPhil) degree. Over 16,000 remarkable examples of arms and armour of various ages and countries are kept in the department. The main exhibition is housed in the Knight Hall.
The history of the Department of Scientific Restoration and Conservation may be traced back to the 1760's, the time when the Picture Gallery of the Hermitage itself first appeared. There are 114 employees in the Department. Most of them are art restorers in the highest qualification and first categories. They carry out restoration work, conservation and routine maintenance work on exhibit items and look into their safe-keeping in the storage facilities, permanent and temporary exhibitions. The restorers participate in sessions of the restoration councils and commissions, as well as perform expert appraisals both within the Hermitage and on behalf of other museums around the country. They work on archeological expeditions. Since the year 2000, there are 10 laboratories within the Department.
The Laboratory for Biological and Climatic Control was created around group of disinfection specialists which was organized in the 1960's to combat insect pests. Towards 1990 it was reorganized as a research laboratory in which experienced and specialized biologists including entomologists, mycologists, and microbiologists work together with specialists in climatology.
This department was established in 1975 under the Chief Architect, but it obtained the status of research department in 1992. It consists of three sectors: Architecture and Restoration; Research Sector; and Sector of Archaeology and Architecture. There are 24 members of the staff, including 3 specialists with a Candidate (MPhil) degree.
The year 1925 is considered to mark the beginning of the Hermitage's educational activities-in that year over 80 excursions were held in the museum. There are 128 members of the staff including 9 specialists with a Candidate (MPhil) degree. Each year the department conducts more than 25,000 excursions and gives over 700 lectures.
The Hermitage has the largest, and one of the oldest, libraries of fine art in Russia. It has been an integral part of the Hermitage since the museum's foundation. Catherine the Great's personal collection of books formed the basis for the Hermitage library. Now it includes over 700,000 books on art, history, architecture and culture in almost all European and Oriental languages. The Sector of Rare Books and Manuscripts consists of over 10,000 items.
The main trends in this Department's activity are examination and authentication of works of art, numismatics, archaeological material etc. by means of scientific methods and instrumentation. The testing of new museum and conservation materials, development of innovative conservation approaches and providing analytical and document support for conservation are the other tasks left with this Department, which currently incorporates two laboratories equipped with rather modern equipment. The staff consists of 15 full-time scientists, including 6 Ph.D.
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